愤怒：胡主席防非，英国再泼脏！

作者: eerjie 原文是英国卫报在线07年2月5日新闻稿
 
Thanks China, now go home: buy-up of Zambia revives old colonial fears
感谢以前的中国，中国人现在滚蛋吧：（中国应该）为赞比亚对殖民的恐惧复苏全权负责
Backlash as cheap Chinese labour and products follow investment from Beijing
中国廉价的劳动力和廉价商品伴随着北京的投资，滚滚涌入赞比亚
Chris McGreal in Lusaka
Monday February 5, 2007
The Guardian
When the foundation stone was laid for the Mulungushi textile factory three decades ago, the project was hailed as another demonstration of communist China doing for Zambia what the capitalist west would not.
30年前，当姆朗古士纺织厂的基石被奠定的时候，这个项目被欢呼称为共产主义的中国为赞比亚做的一件实事的象征，而西方资本主义是不会这么做的。
Beijing put up the money to build Zambia China Mulungushi Textiles and provided the expertise to run it. It grew to become the biggest textile mill in the country, manufacturing 17m metres of fabric a year and 100,000 pieces of clothing, and winning international awards for the quality of its cloth. The mill employed more than 1,000 people, propped up the economy of Kabwe in northern Zambia and kept thousands of cotton growers in business.
当时北京方面把钱投资给赞比亚来建造这个纺织厂，同时还提供专业技术人员来帮助当地（赞比亚）人去经营它。于是这个纺织厂变成了这个国家最大的纺织厂，每年为赞比亚制造1700万米的丝织物还有100000件布匹，同时这个厂出产的衣料质量也为赞比亚赢得了国际赞誉。这个纺织厂雇员超过了1000人，支撑了赞比亚北部地区卡布的经济，同时还为数千当地的棉农提供了就业机会。
But last month the factory shut down production, strangled by a new wave of Chinese interest across Africa that some critics say amounts to little more than another round of foreign plunder, as Beijing extracts minerals and other natural resources at knock-down prices while battering the continent's economies with a flood of subsidised goods and surplus labour.
但是上个月，这个工厂倒闭了，被新一轮的中国对非洲的投资浪潮扼杀了。一些批评家们说，这是一轮新的（外国人对非洲人的）抢劫和掠夺，北京只关心矿产资源和其他资源.(北京）对非洲投入了洪水一般的过量劳动力、过剩的商品，以不可抵抗最低廉的价格向这个非洲大陆开战了！！！！！
Hostility is such in some quarters that the Chinese president, Hu Jintao, on an eight-country tour of Africa to promote Beijing's blossoming trade relationship with the continent, cancelled plans to launch a $200m (￡100m) smelter at a Chinese-owned Zambian copper mine at the weekend because of miners' anger at working conditions. He also faced protests from the sacked Mulungushi factory workers.
胡锦涛在他对非洲的八国之行中，打算加强北京和这个大陆的贸易联系，因为赞比亚铜矿工人的抗议和不满意他们的工作条件，（胡锦涛）取消了原定于本周打算在这个铜矿投资2亿美金新建一个熔炉的计划，他（胡）同时还要面对来自于姆朗古士纺织厂工人的抗议。这些都反应出北京对赞比亚并不完全是友好的。
President Hu rejected accusations that China was exploiting Zambian labour and resources. "China is happy to have Zambia as a good friend, good partner and a good brother," he said, adding that the relationship between the two countries "represents a new type of strategic partnership" in Africa.
胡锦涛主席对“中国正在开采赞比亚的劳动力资源和矿产资源而自肥”进行了批驳，他说“中国很高兴能拥有赞比亚这样一个好朋友，一个好伙伴，一个好兄弟”他还说“我们二国之间的关系在非洲是一种新型战略伙伴关系”。
The growing Asian presence in Zambia even became an issue in last year's presidential election, with the opposition threatening to throw out of the country large numbers of Chinese traders and labourers who have become an increasing source of agitation for taking business and jobs.
亚洲人（中国人）在赞比亚正变得越来越多，甚至影响了去年的总统选举。反对派们威胁说要把中国的商人和劳动力从这个国家（赞比亚）赶出去一些，因为他们正以不可思议的热情和兴趣抢占更多的工作岗位和工作！！
One of the problems, say the opposition, is that no one can say just how many Chinese there are in Zambia. The government told parliament there are 2,300 but economists say the real figure runs into the tens of thousands.
反对派举了个例子说：“没有人能说清赞比亚到底有多少中国人，政府告诉国会，大概有2300人，但是经济学家认为真实的数字可能已经有上万了。”
"It's hard to know how they all got here," said Guy Scott, a former agriculture minister and now the Patriotic Front leader in parliament. "If you go to the market you find Chinese selling cabbages and beansprouts. What is the point in letting them in to do that? There's a lot of Chinese here doing construction. Zambians can do that. The Chinese building firms are undercutting the local firms.
“真是搞不明白，到底他们是怎么到这里的，”斯科特---前农业部长，现在是反对派爱国阵线在国会的领导这样说到。“如果你去市场，你就会发现中国人正在那里卖中国大白菜，还有豆芽苗，到底是什么魔力使他们呆在那里？因为这里有很多中国人在搞建设。而这些（建设），只要赞比亚人就足够了。中国建筑公司正在使我们当地的建筑公司逐渐失去优势，渐渐走向崩溃和破产。”
"Our textile factories can't compete with cheap Chinese imports subsidised by a foreign government. People are saying: 'We've had bad people before. The whites were bad, the Indians were worse but the Chinese are worst of all.'"
“我们的纺织厂和中国出口的廉价剩余物质根本无法竞争，”人们都说：“我们面对的是比以前更坏的人，白人是坏人，印度人更坏，但是中国人，是最坏的！！！！！！”
The government has accused the Patriotic Front of racism and, in the run up to the election, Beijing warned that if the opposition won it would pull out of construction projects. The PF lost but it came out ahead in the cities, where the anti-Chinese message played well.
政府对爱国阵线的批评给予起诉和控告，在选举过程中，北京（向赞比亚反对派）发出警告：“如果反对派赢得选举当选，我们就把所有在建项目停止并且退出。”爱国阵线最终失败了，但是它在这个国家中的知名度得到了很大的提高，因为他们的忠旨----反对中国人。
Dipak Patel, Zambia's trade and industry minister until last September, said the government was mistaken to ignore growing resentment. "We have a lot of Chinese traders selling in the market and displacing local people and causing a lot of friction," he said. "You have Chinese labourers here moving wheelbarrows. That's not the kind of investment we need. I understand they have 1.2 billion people but they don't have to send them to Africa. This needs to be dealt with because you'll end up with a situation with what happened in Uganda with the Indians.
上届的赞比亚的贸易和工业部长派特迪帕克说，政府忽视人们正在提高的不满是错误的，“我们的市场上有很多中国商人在做生意，他们夺走了当地人的饭碗，而且造成了很多摩擦”，他还说，“（政府）你们用中国人来推手推车，这种投资并不是我们所需要的，我知道他们有12亿人口，但是他们不能把（多余的）他们送到非洲。我们要和这种现象做斗争，你看看乌干达和印地安人就知道这样发展下去的结果了，如果这种现象持续下去，我们（赞比亚）就会完蛋”。
"The government needs to be very clear about what kind of investment it wants. If it's just shipping out resources and shipping in cheap goods and people that's not to our benefit. We in Zambia need to be very careful of this new scramble for Africa. What's happening is that the Chinese are very aggressive. They have a strategic plan."
“政府很清楚他到底需要什么样的投资，如果我们只运出我们的资源，同时仅仅运进廉价的商品和劳动力，那对我们就不会有好处，我们赞比亚人对这种掠夺非洲的现象应当重视和小心，正在发生的是中国人的攻击和侵略，他们有一个很大很大野心勃勃的战略计划。”
Late last year the South African president, Thabo Mbeki, told students that Africa needs to be on its guard against allowing a "colonial relationship" to develop with Beijing, although he quickly added that he did not think that was China's motive. In any case, it is a long way from the plunder of the European colonisers or the destruction wrought by the use of parts of Africa as a cold war battlefield by the superpowers.
去年，南非总统母贝基对一些学生说，“同北京发展关系的同时，非洲需要同新型殖民式贸易关系做斗争，要保卫非洲，”虽然后来他又很快的补充说到，“这个（殖民贸易关系）并不是北京的本意，无论如何，非洲从作为一个被掠夺的殖民地到冷战期间作为（二个）超级大国的战场，是一段很长的路，（我们不希望再延续这条路）”。
The relationship between Beijing and Lusaka was solidified in the 1970s as Mao Zedong built Zambia a 1,100-mile railway for its mining exports after the route through white-ruled Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa was cut by sanctions. The west had refused to help, saying such a project was not viable.
中国伟人毛泽东在1970年为卢萨卡修建了一条铁路之后，中国和卢萨卡之间的关系就变得更加深厚了，因为这条铁路连通了白人管理的罗德西亚和被（各种势力）人为分割的南非，使矿产出口更便利。当时的西方拒绝向卢萨卡提供帮助，他们告诉卢萨卡，这个项目根本不值得（去做）。
The new wave of Chinese interest was again greeted with enthusiasm as an alternative to western governments that preach free trade and investment but provide little of either. China is also giving African countries billions of dollars in aid without the political and economic strings attached by the west, and building roads, hospitals and stadiums across the continent. Workers at Zambia's struggling copper mines cheered when Chinese companies bought them up, but the relationship soured as miners grew resentful over what they said were harsher and less safe working conditions for lower pay than in the many other foreign-owned mines.
伴随新一轮的中国投资热的是这样一种情况：要么接受中国的投资，要么接受西方所提倡的--自由贸易投资，但是仅仅一点点而已；二者选其一。中国给予了非洲国家毫无附加条件的数十亿美元的帮助，而不是象西方国家那样，伴随援助的总是一些附加政治、经济条件。北京还帮助非洲修路、修医院，由北京修建的大型露天运动场已经遍布非洲这个大陆。当在赞比亚举步维艰的铜矿厂工作的工人们得知中国人买下他们（的公司）的时候，他们高兴得欢呼了起来，但是随着工人们感到他们工作中没有安全保障，工作条件很差，薪水比任何一家外国投资的矿厂低的时候，他们愤怒了，他们与中国人的关系变冷了，不像以前那么友好了。
Two years ago 49 miners were blown up in an explosives factory at the Chinese-owned Chambishi mine in an accident blamed on lax safety. Last year the police shot five miners at Chambishi in a riot over working conditions.
二年前，属于中国的嵌比西铜矿发生了一次爆炸，导致49个矿工被埋，后来被批评为完全是由于安全管理松懈造成的。而在去年，在一场由于不满工作条件而发生的暴乱中，警察开枪还打死了5名矿工。
The government temporarily closed another mine after men were forced to work underground without safety gear and boots. The new owners have also brought in workers to do jobs that Zambians say could go to them.
有一家矿厂条件很差，矿工被逼着在没有矿靴和安全的升降设备的情况下工作，政府被迫将它（矿厂）关闭了。但是后来的新主人，同样也带来了（中国人）自己的工人，赞比亚人抱怨到，中国人抢夺了我们的工作。
The most friction comes in markets such as Lusaka's sprawling Kamwala where Chinese traders have bought up shops. As tensions have risen, Chinese names above the door have been painted over or replaced. One of the few Asian shop names still on display in Kamwala is Heung Il Investment but its owner is a Korean who sells Zambian-made clothes and is losing out to Chinese imports sold next door at half the price. "There's no doubt that ours are better quality," said George Nerenda, one of the sales staff. "With these Chinese clothes, when you buy today and wash tomorrow you have to throw them away. But people go for price.
这些还不是最容易起摩擦的地方，最容易起摩擦的地方在市场上，象在卢萨卡那里的Kamwala ，中国人毫无计划的乱开乱采，毁坏山林，已经在那里建造起了商店！随着紧张的升级，当地门上中国人的标识总是被莫名其妙的完全涂掉或者被别的名字替代。只有一个亚洲商店名字被保留了下来，这就是Kamwala的Heung Il Investment 商店，它是由一个朝鲜人开的，经营一些赞比亚制造的衣服，但是当隔壁商店以一半的价格出售由中国进口的相同商品时，它也正在渐渐走向破产。商人大军中的George Nerenda说，“很显然，我们的质量（比中国的）更好，这些中国产的衣服，你今天买它可以使用，可是明天洗的时候你就会发现必须要扔掉它了，但是人们总是跟着低廉的价格走。”
"I have no problem about the Chinese buying the mines. It's OK. No complaining. But the material business, it's bad."
“对于中国人买下矿厂，我没有任何意见，也没有任何抱怨，可是，这个原料贸易很糟糕。”
While consumers benefit from cheaper prices, critics say the economy and the country lose out because factories close and jobs are lost.
当消费者从低廉的价格获利的同时，批评家们说到，这个国家（赞比亚）和它的经济正在走向破产，因为他们失去了工厂，也失去了工作。
Unhappiness with the Chinese has resonated deeply enough that the Zambian president, Levy Mwanawasa, has appealed to Zambians to be more positive about investment from Beijing such as a new hotel being built overlooking Victoria Falls. "The Chinese government has brought a lot of development to this country and these are the people you are demonstrating against?" he said.
（当地）对于中国人的不满情绪，赞比亚总统Levy Mwanawasa也的感受到了，他向赞比亚人民发出呼吁，要积极的看待北京的投资，他们（中国人）为我们修建了一个可以俯视维多利亚大瀑布的旅馆，“中国政府已经给我们带来了很多投资，人民们，你们忍心反对它（中国人）吗？”总统这么问到。
Many of the Chinese working in Zambia are sanguine about the criticism. Lui Ping, general manager in Lusaka for China's largest construction company in Zambia, the state-owned China National Overseas Engineering Corporation, which has been building schools and hospitals, says resentment over Chinese workers is misplaced. He says he employs 15 Zambians for every Chinese but admits he prefers the imported labour.
许多在赞比亚工作的中国人面对这些批评指责的时候，都很愤怒。鲁平是中建国际（中国在赞比亚最大的一家建筑公司）总公司驻赞比亚经理，中建国际已经为赞比亚建造了很多学校和医院，他说“把中国工人用在这里用错地方了”的时候很生气，因为雇佣15个赞比亚人的花费才和一个中国人相当。他也承认，他还是喜欢这些（从中国带来的）的工人。
"Chinese people can stand very hard work. This is a cultural difference. Chinese people work until they finish and then rest. Here they are like the British, they work according to a plan. They have tea breaks and a lot of days off. For our construction company that means it costs a lot more," he said."Some politicians for political reasons say they want to chase some Chinese out of the country. But it's only political. They won't do it."
“中国人可以忍受很艰苦的工作。这是由于不同文化造成的。中国人知道他们把工作完成后才休息，这点象英国人一样，他们工作遵循一个计划，而他们（赞比亚人）工作期间还要休息，还有经常性的旷工，这就意味着我们要花费的成本很多”鲁平这么评价说。”“一些政治家出于政治原因，说他们要把一些中国人赶出去，但是那仅仅是政治，他们不会那么做的。”
At a glance
贸易回看
· Trade links between China and Africa have leapt since 2004, when the Chinese president, Hu Jintao, announced a drive to strengthen relations with the continent, which is rich in mineral and energy resources
中非间的贸易关系于2004年开始提升。当时中国国家主胡锦涛席宣布将对非洲这个具有丰富矿藏和能量的大陆时进行访问，以达到增强二者之间关系的目的。
· China's exports to Africa rose in that year by 36% year on year to $13.82bn, while imports, mostly natural resources, rose 81% to $15.65bn, according to Chinese figures
从中国的官方统计来看，中国在2004年对非洲的出售增加了36％，达到了138.2亿美元，而从非洲的进口也增加了81％达到了156.5亿美元，主要是自然资源。
· In 2005 total trade between Africa and China surged again, to $40bn.
2005年双方贸易再次惊人提升，总额达到了400亿美元。
· In 2006 the figure reached $55.5bn, a jump of 40% compared with the previous year
2006年??40％。
· Africa now supplies a third of China's crude oil imports
现在非洲向中国提供的原油满足中国1/3的需求。

（翻译完后，本人对英国感到愤怒）